Furthermore, the brightness of Displacement maps cannot be further adjusted or inverted when editing the texture inside the Enscape Material Editor itself. It’s worth noting that Displacement maps are incompatible with transparent materials so the entire “Transparency” section becomes unavailable where a displacement map has been applied (including mask textures). The actual technique employed in Enscape is called quadtree parallax displacement mapping for optimum performance. Normally an Occlusion Map is the type of image you will use for Displacement maps. These RGB components correspond to the X, Y, and Z coordinates, respectively.ĭisplacement maps are an enhancement of the bump mapping or normal mapping techniques applied to textures. Normal map are a type of Bump map that require an image with RGB values. They tell Enscape to interpret a surface as protruding (bright parts of the texture) or recessed (dark parts of the texture). The Height option in the Enscape Material Editor allows you to utilize so called Bump, Normal, or Displacement maps in order to simulate bumps, wrinkles and dents and the lighting of these.īump maps can be any black and white 2D images. The amount by which it’s blurred is being determined by the Roughness value in the Reflections area.
If the Frosted Glass checkbox is enabled, Enscape will blur what’s visible through the transparent surface. You know this effect from looking at a glass of water, or very thick glass.Īir has a refractive index of 1.0 – so light rays travel through it in a straight line -, water has an index of 1.33, window glass 1.52, and, for example diamonds have an index of 2.42 – they bend light quite heavily.įor further information on this topic, feel free to have a look at the Wikipedia article. The Refractive Index slider determines by which factor light is being bent when traveling through a transparent surface. This menu allows you to choose a color that should be added to any semi-transparent areas of your material. If you’re using it combined with a transparency map, it will define the maximum opacity, so white areas on said map will appear as opaque as you’ve set using this slider. The Opacity slider controls the overall transparency of the surface. If you load a colored image, Enscape will automatically convert it to black and white, so you don’t have to worry about that. Grey areas will appear partially transparent, such as glass. It refers to the Opacity value, so a black area (which equals zero) on the image used will result in a close-to-perfectly transparent portion of the surface, while a white area will appear almost completely opaque. A wide-ranging, highly illustrated study, Rhinoceros will be essential for scholars and animal lovers alike.The Texture parameter allows you to control the transparency using a 2D image, a map. Enright also considers portrayals of the animal in film, literature, and art, all in the service of discovering whether the reputed savagery of the rhino is a reality or a legacy of its mythic past. The rhinoceros has long been a prized hunting object as well, whether for its horn as a valuable ingredient in Asian medicine or as a coveted trophy by nineteenth-century big-game hunters such as Theodore Roosevelt, and the book explains how such practices have led to the rhino’s status as an endangered species. Enright chronicles the vexed interactions between humans and rhinos, from early sightings that mistook the rhinoceros for the mythical unicorn to the eighteenth-century display of the rhinoceros in Europe as a wonder of nature and its introduction to the American public in 1830. Kelly Enright now deftly sifts fact from fiction in Rhinoceros. The rhinoceros’s horn and massive leathery frame belie its docile and solitary nature, causing the animal to be consistently perceived by humans as a monster to be feared.